#include <Python.h>

static PyObject* QuackError;

/* Utility functions */
int sign(int x) {
    return (x > 0) - (x < 0);
}

int abs(int x) {
  if (x >= 0) {
    return x;
  } else {
    return -x;
  }
}
/* end utility functions */

/* Helper functions */

int *idxs_with_checkers_of_player(int board[], int player) {
  int idxs_tmp[26];
  int ctr = 0;
  
  for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
    if (board[i] * player >= 1) {
      idxs_tmp[ctr] = i;
      ctr++;
    }
  }

  int *idxs = malloc((1 + ctr) * sizeof(int));
  if (idxs == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed\n");
    abort();
  }

  idxs[0] = ctr;
  for (int i = 0; i < ctr; i++) {
    idxs[i+1] = idxs_tmp[i];
  }

  return idxs;
}

int is_forward_move(int direction, int player) {
  return direction == player;
}

int face_value_match_move_length(int delta, int face_value) {
  return abs(delta) == face_value;
}

int bear_in_if_checker_on_bar(int board[], int player, int from_idx) {
  int bar;
    
  if (player == 1) bar = 0;
  else             bar = 25;

  if (board[bar] != 0) return from_idx == bar;
  else                 return 1;
}

int checkers_at_from_idx(int from_state, int player) {
  return sign(from_state) == player;
}

int no_block_at_to_idx(int to_state, int player) {
  if (-sign(to_state) == player) return abs(to_state) == 1;
  else                           return 1;
}

int can_bear_off(int board[], int player, int from_idx) {
  int* checker_idxs = idxs_with_checkers_of_player(board, player);

  if (player == 1) {
    for (int i = 1; i <= checker_idxs[0]; i++) {
      if ( !((checker_idxs[i] >= from_idx) &&
	     (checker_idxs[i] >= 19)) ) return 0;
    }
  } else {
    for (int i = 1; i <= checker_idxs[0]; i++) {
      if ( !((checker_idxs[i] <= from_idx) &&
	     (checker_idxs[i] <= 6)) ) return 0;
    }
  }
  
  return 1;
}

/* end helper functions */

int is_move_valid(int board[], int player, int face_value, int move[]) {
  int from_idx = move[0];
  int to_idx = move[1];
  int to_state;
  int from_state = board[from_idx];
  int delta = to_idx - from_idx;
  int direction = sign(delta);
  int bearing_off;

  if (to_idx >= 1 && to_idx <= 24) {
    to_state = board[to_idx];
    bearing_off = 0;
  } else {
    to_state = 0;
    bearing_off = 1;
  }
  
  return is_forward_move(direction, player)
    && face_value_match_move_length(delta, face_value)
    && bear_in_if_checker_on_bar(board, player, from_idx)
    && checkers_at_from_idx(from_state, player)
    && no_block_at_to_idx(to_state, player)
    && (!bearing_off || can_bear_off(board, player, from_idx))
    ;
}

/* Meta definitions */
static PyObject*
quack_is_move_valid(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
  int board[26];
  int player;
  int face_value;
  int move[2];
  
  int validity;
  
  PyObject* board_tuple_obj;
  PyObject* move_tuple_obj;
  
  if (! PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!iiO!",
			 &PyTuple_Type, &board_tuple_obj,
			 &player,
			 &face_value,
			 &PyTuple_Type, &move_tuple_obj))
    return NULL;

  long numValuesBoard;
  numValuesBoard = PyTuple_Size(board_tuple_obj);
  if (numValuesBoard != 26) {
    PyErr_SetString(QuackError, "Board tuple must have 26 entries");
    return NULL;
  }
  
  PyObject* board_val_obj;
  // Iterate over tuple to retreive positions
  for (int i=0; i<numValuesBoard; i++) {
    board_val_obj = PyTuple_GetItem(board_tuple_obj, i);
    board[i] = PyLong_AsLong(board_val_obj);
  }

  long numValuesMove;
  numValuesMove = PyTuple_Size(move_tuple_obj);
  if (numValuesMove != 2) {
    PyErr_SetString(QuackError, "Move tuple must have exactly 2 entries");
    return NULL;
  }
  PyObject* move_val_obj;
  for (int i=0; i<numValuesMove; i++) {
    move_val_obj = PyTuple_GetItem(move_tuple_obj, i);
    move[i] = PyLong_AsLong(move_val_obj);
  }
  
  validity = is_move_valid(board, player, face_value, move);
  return Py_BuildValue("i", validity);
}

static PyObject*
quack_idxs_with_checkers_of_player(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {

  int board[26];
  int player;
  
  int* idxs;
  
  PyObject* board_tuple_obj;
  
  if (! PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O!i",
			 &PyTuple_Type, &board_tuple_obj,
			 &player))
    return NULL;

  long numValuesBoard;
  numValuesBoard = PyTuple_Size(board_tuple_obj);
  if (numValuesBoard != 26) {
    PyErr_SetString(QuackError, "Board tuple must have 26 entries");
    return NULL;
  }
  
  PyObject* board_val_obj;
  // Iterate over tuple to retreive positions
  for (int i=0; i<numValuesBoard; i++) {
    board_val_obj = PyTuple_GetItem(board_tuple_obj, i);
    board[i] = PyLong_AsLong(board_val_obj);
  }
  
  idxs = idxs_with_checkers_of_player(board, player);
  PyObject* idxs_list = PyList_New(0);
  
  for (int i = 1; i <= idxs[0]; i++) {
    PyList_Append(idxs_list, Py_BuildValue("i",idxs[i]));
  }
  free(idxs);
  
  return Py_BuildValue("O", idxs_list);
}


static PyMethodDef quack_methods[] = {
  {
    "is_move_valid", quack_is_move_valid, METH_VARARGS,
    "Evaluates the validity of the proposed move."
  },
  {
    "idxs_with_checkers_of_player", quack_idxs_with_checkers_of_player, METH_VARARGS,
    "Returnes a list of indexes with checkers of the specified player"},
  {NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
};

static struct PyModuleDef quack_definition = {
  PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
  "quack",
  "A Python module that provides various useful Backgammon-related functions.",
  -1,
  quack_methods
};

PyMODINIT_FUNC PyInit_quack(void) {
  PyObject* module;

  module = PyModule_Create(&quack_definition);
  if (module == NULL)
    return NULL;
    
  QuackError = PyErr_NewException("quack.error", NULL, NULL);
  Py_INCREF(QuackError);
  PyModule_AddObject(module, "error", QuackError);
  
  return module;
}